I've loved Eleanor Roosevelt ever since I randomly picked up a
biography of her in elementary school. (That I randomly picked out a
biography to read for fun as a 4th grader tells you a lot of what you
need to know about me as a person.) I've read a lot about her over the
years, but it's been a minute since I read a biography of just her.
(And, confession, I still haven't read
Eleanor Roosevelt, Volume 3: The War Years and After, 1939-1962. I own it. I just haven't read it.)
In his single-volume biography, simply titled
Eleanor, David Michaelis focuses a lot on Eleanor, the person, as opposed to her many
accomplishments or events in her life. It veers into being more of a
psychological biography; obviously the events of her life are covered,
but there's a lot of focus on her relationships and why she relates to
people the way she does. There were times, particularly during FDR's
presidency, that entire years were skipped with barely a blink. Which
honestly wouldn't be an issue, except that Michaelis will mention
something in passing that hadn't come up before. In that sense, despite
it being a fairly compact biography, it probably wouldn't be great for
people who aren't already familiar with the beats of Eleanor's life and
FDR's presidency. It does a good job of analysis but isn't a good
introduction.
Also, it was a bit weird what relationships he
focused on. Obviously Eleanor's relationships with her father and
Franklin are the big two. Michaelis writes about ER's relationship with
Lorena Hickock, mostly to be like, "It was TOTALLY A SEXUAL
RELATIONSHIP!!!" and is clearly using diaries/letters to make that
assertion. Which, on the one hand, I get. I definitely remember reading
biographies of Eleanor that might obliquely reference her relationship
with Hick but be like, "But that's just how ladies of Eleanor's age
would write to their friends!" On the other hand, I think it was really
just how he wrote it that was weird. I don't know. And he honestly spent
a lot less time on Hick than I would expect; ditto Earl Miller, another
significant relationship for ER.
I particularly felt that ER's
relationship with Marion Dickerman and Nancy Cook really got short
shrift. Again, this is another time when he alludes to a falling out and
problems in their relationship, but we don't get the details about it
(some of which I know from other biographies). These bothered me because
Michaelis clearly did a ton of research and I'm sure he knows loads
about these various relationships; I just wanted more of them.
He
does spend a TON of time on ER's relationship with David Gurewitsch,
her doctor/object of affection late in life. (To the detriment, I feel,
of Joe Lash, who sort of fades out of the picture after WWII.) I didn't
know a ton about him (mostly that he existed, he and his wife shared a
house with ER at the end of her life, and she was fond of him), so
getting more information was helpful. But it felt like he got too much
attention, particularly compared to others in Eleanor's life. I can't
tell how significant he actually was because I feel like this was the
story Michaelis wanted to tell.
It feels like I'm nitpicking;
truth be told, I did quite enjoy this books. Michaelis's affection for
Eleanor is clear throughout the book. He sympathizes with her but
doesn't shy away from her flaws. He includes a number of pretty awful
quotes from her about Jewish and Black people; she became champions for
both groups, but certainly wasn't born that way. One of the remarkable
things about Eleanor is how she grew into First Lady of the World, into
FDR's conscience.
I also appreciated learning more about her
time after FDR's death. I read too many books as a kid that had a final
chapter (inevitably titled "On Her Own," after ER's memoir,
On My Own)
about her life after FDR died, usually focused pretty solely on her
work with the UN. She did SO. MUCH. MORE. (while FDR was around, too, to
be fair) and I love getting the details about it.
Would I
recommend this book? Absolutely, though with the caveat that it would be
helpful to know some of the details of Eleanor's life already. It's a
solid, compact biography of my favorite historical figure.
Key QuotesAdvice from her Auntie Bye, which forever guided her life"You
will never be able to please everyone. No matter what you do, my dear,
some people are going to criticize you. ... If you are satisfied in your
mind that you are right, then you need never worry about criticism" (p.
82)
On Eleanor's reaction to being hurt (relatable)"When
hurt, she suppressed her feelings, and when anyone tried to come
closer, whether to help or to hurt more, her only instrument of
resistance was to turn away and sulk" (p. 104)
Eleanor trying to cope with her own life"It
was almost as though I had erected someone outside myself who was the
president's wife. I was lost somewhere deep down inside myself" (p. 383)
"Work
had always been her antidote for depression. Loneliness, she
maintained, was a state of mind or of the soul and therefore
untreatable, simply 'the lot of all human beings.'" (p. 493)
On Franklin and Eleanor"As
a couple, they were foils. He endured her seriousness and intensity as
she endured his pranks and swordplay. ... He was not intentionally
unkind, but he could be cold; his sense of fun was often cruel; and the
more defenseless the victim, the less Franklin could resist the impulse
to bully" (p. 107)
"She yearned for closeness, and yet her own
responses prevented it. She would never be kittenishly playful with him;
he would never confront hard truth with her. They could scarcely ever
relax with each other." (p. 145)
Their son Elliott "saw FDR as a great illusionist, and it was his mother who made the illusion stick" (p. 304)
Eleanor,
during FDR's presidency: "I realize more and more that FDR's a great
man, and he is nice, but as a person, I'm a stranger, and I don't want
to be anything else!" (p. 334)
Eleanor on immigrationThe
Immigration Act of 1924--"bringing to an end the America that, as
Eleanor rightly recognized, 'had profited a thousandfold by what they
have brought us, many of them representing the best brains of the
countries from which they came'" (p. 245)
Criticism of ERSteve
Early, a press secretary of FDR: "Sometimes I think the Constitution
should require that the President be a bachelor" (p. 334)
Eleanor quotes showing how awesome she was"Her
speeches to college students sounded subversive: 'Study history
realistically'--'Do not always believe your country is right'--'You'll
love your country just as much, the same as you love your parents,
although you might not always believe them to be right'" (p. 337)
"If ever any Americans go to a concentration camp, American democracy will go with them" (p. 394)